Revolution von 1979
Die Revolution von 1978–1979, die durch eine breite Koalition die Pahlavi-Monarchie stürzte und unter Khomeinis Führung die Islamische Republik errichtete.
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- Period
- 1978–1979 CE
- Leader
- Ayatollah Khomeini
- Victory date
- 11 February 1979 (22 Bahman 1357)
- Outcome
- End of monarchy; founding of the Islamic Republic
Details
The Iranian Revolution (1978–1979) was a mass, broad-based movement that overthrew the monarchy of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi and ended 2,500 years of kingship in Iran. Its roots lay in political repression and the role of SAVAK, economic inequality despite oil revenues, rapid Westernizing modernization, and discontent across a wide spectrum of society—from clergy and bazaar merchants to leftist and nationalist intellectuals and the middle class. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who led the movement from exile (Najaf and then Paris), became the unifying symbol of this broad coalition. Protests and nationwide strikes peaked in 1978, and the Shah left the country on 16 January 1979; Khomeini returned on 1 February, and the monarchy collapsed on 11 February 1979 (22 Bahman). A referendum in April 1979 replaced it with an Islamic Republic. Beginning as a coalition of diverse forces, the revolution gradually consolidated into a religious government based on velayat-e faqih and is regarded as one of the transformative events of modern Middle Eastern history.
Verwandte Einträge
Erscheint auch in
Quellen
- Encyclopædia Iranica, "Islamic Revolution of 1357 Š./1979"
- Ervand Abrahamian, A History of Modern Iran
- Charles Kurzman, The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran