بیدار
Khosrow I Anushirvan
From a contemporary relief or coin
Person

Khosrow I Anushirvan

خسرو انوشیروان· c. 512–579 CE
just king and great reformer

The most celebrated Sasanian king (r. 531–579 CE), renowned for administrative and tax reforms, patronage of learning, and a reputation for justice ('the Just').

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Biography

Khosrow I, byname Anushirvan ('of the Immortal Soul') and known as 'the Just' (c. 512–579 CE), was the Sasanian King of Kings who presided over the empire's late-classical zenith. Succeeding his father Kavad I in 531, he crushed the egalitarian Mazdakite movement and then carried out sweeping reforms: a cadastral survey and fixed-rate taxation, a salaried standing army, and administrative centralization. Militarily he sacked Antioch (540), destroyed the Hephthalite confederation in alliance with the Turks, and extended Persian influence into Yemen. He was also a celebrated patron of learning, credited with welcoming Greek philosophers and sponsoring translations from Sanskrit and Greek (including the introduction of chess and the Kalila wa Dimna fables). A contested point is that the attribution of the great vaulted hall Taq Kasra at Ctesiphon to his reign is traditional but uncertain and debated among scholars.

Quotes & narrations

«Justice is the foundation of kingship; without justice no realm endures.»
Andarz tradition attributed to Khosrow I Anushirvan ('the Just'); preserved in Persian/Arabic 'mirrors for princes'

Sources

  • Encyclopaedia Iranica, "Kosrow I"
  • Arthur Christensen, L'Iran sous les Sassanides
  • Touraj Daryaee, Sasanian Persia