Mongolen und das Ilchanat
Die verheerenden Mongoleneinfälle des 13. Jahrhunderts und das anschließende Ilchanat (Nachkommen Hülegüs), dessen Herrscher zum Islam übertraten und eine Wiederbelebung iranischer Kunst und Kultur förderten.
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- Period (Ilkhanate)
- 1256–1335 CE
- Founder
- Hulagu Khan
- Key event
- Fall of Baghdad, end of Abbasid Caliphate (1258)
- Capital
- Tabriz, Maragheh, Soltaniyeh
Details
The Mongol invasion of Iran began in 1219 CE on the orders of Genghis Khan and brought devastation to the cities of Khorasan—Nishapur, Herat, Balkh, Merv—ranking among the most catastrophic events in Iranian history. In 1256 Genghis's grandson Hulagu Khan crushed the Ismailis of Alamut and then conquered Baghdad, abolishing the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258, and founded the Ilkhanate in Iran. The Ilkhans were initially non-Muslim, but with the conversion of Ghazan Khan in 1295 they embraced Iranian-Islamic culture; his learned vizier, Rashid al-Din Fadlallah, carried out administrative reforms and authored the Jami' al-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles). Despite the initial destruction, the period saw a flourishing of art, manuscript painting, historiography, and astronomy (the Maragheh observatory). The Ilkhanate collapsed after the death of Abu Sa'id in 1335 for want of a strong successor, and the realm fragmented among local claimants.
Verwandte Einträge
Erscheint auch in
Quellen
- Encyclopædia Iranica, "Il-khanids"
- David Morgan, The Mongols (Blackwell)
- The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 5