Timuridenreich
Eine von Timur (Tamerlan) im späten 14. Jahrhundert gegründete Dynastie; trotz brutaler Eroberungen brachte sie eine glanzvolle Epoche persischer Kunst, Architektur und Literatur hervor (die Schule von Herat).
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- Period
- 1370–1507 CE
- Founder
- Timur (Tamerlane)
- Capitals
- Samarkand, Herat
- Key achievement
- Timurid Renaissance; Ulugh Beg's observatory
Details
The Timurids were a Turco-Mongol dynasty founded in the late 14th century by Timur (Tamerlane), a warlord from Transoxiana. Through bloody campaigns, Timur assembled a vast empire from Anatolia and Syria to India and made Samarkand a magnificent capital, though his conquests were marked by massacre and destruction. After his death in 1405 the empire was riven by succession struggles, yet his successors presided over a brilliant cultural flowering. The courts of Shah Rukh and especially his son Ulugh Beg in Samarkand—himself an eminent astronomer who built an observatory—and the court of Sultan Husayn Bayqara in Herat, with Jami and the painter Kamal al-Din Bihzad, marked the zenith of Timurid painting, architecture, poetry, and science. This Timurid Renaissance profoundly influenced the culture of Iran, Mughal India, and the Ottomans. The dynasty finally collapsed in the early 16th century under pressure from the Uzbeks and the Safavids.
Verwandte Einträge
Quellen
- Encyclopædia Iranica, "Timurids"
- Beatrice Forbes Manz, The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane
- The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 6